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GHK-Cu

low risk

Also: Copper peptide · Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper

Moderate Evidence 503A Listed

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper complex with strong evidence for skin rejuvenation, wound healing, and gene expression modulation. One of few cosmetic peptides on the FDA 503A list. Influences expression of ~4,000 genes per genomic studies.

Molecular Weight
403.9 Da
Formula
C14H24CuN6O4
Common Dosing
Topical: 1–5% formulations 2x daily. Injectable: 0.5–2 mg 2–3x weekly (off-label)
Category
therapeutic
Last Reviewed
2025-01-15

Reported Benefits

Skin rejuvenation

Moderate Evidence 38 studies

Human clinical trials show increased skin thickness, collagen density, reduced wrinkle depth.

Wound healing

Moderate Evidence 29 studies

Accelerates wound closure and improves tensile strength in human and animal studies.

Hair growth

Preliminary 9 studies

Small studies show increased follicle size and hair growth rate.

Mechanism of Action

Modulates ~4,000 genes; upregulates collagen, elastin, VEGF; downregulates inflammatory cytokines; acts as superoxide dismutase mimic.

Key Clinical Studies

Leyden et al. (2009)

RCT (double-blind) · n=67

PubMed →

Improved skin laxity, density, and fine lines vs. placebo at 12 weeks

Broad Gene Modulation

Loren Pickart’s research showed GHK-Cu influences expression of over 4,000 human genes — tilting expression toward tissue repair, antioxidant defense, and reduced inflammation.

503A Status

One of few cosmetic peptides with a clear legal compounding path in the US. Topical formulations are widely available through licensed compounding pharmacies.

Regulatory Status

503A Listed

Listed on 503A bulk substances list for topical compounding

Safety Profile

Side Effects

  • Mild irritation (topical)
  • Blue-green discoloration (high topical concentrations)

Contraindications

  • Wilson's disease (copper metabolism disorder)

Primary Uses

Skin rejuvenationWound healingHair growthAnti-inflammatory

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Disclaimer: This information is for educational and research purposes only. Not medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare provider before using any compound.