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GHK

low risk

Also: Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine · Free GHK peptide · GHK tripeptide

Moderate Evidence 503A Listed

GHK (without copper) is the free tripeptide precursor to GHK-Cu, with its own documented biological activity. Found naturally in human plasma, saliva, and urine, declining with age. Independently upregulates collagen synthesis and has anti-inflammatory properties.

Molecular Weight
298.3 Da
Formula
C12H22N6O3
Common Dosing
Topical: 1–3% formulations. Injectable: 0.5–1 mg 2–3x weekly (off-label)
Category
therapeutic
Last Reviewed
2025-01-15

Reported Benefits

Wound healing

Moderate Evidence 21 studies

Accelerates wound closure via fibroblast stimulation and ECM remodeling.

Anti-inflammatory

Moderate Evidence 16 studies

Reduces TGF-β1-driven fibrosis and inflammatory cytokine expression.

Mechanism of Action

Independent of copper chelation: binds decorin and other ECM proteoglycans; modulates TGF-β signaling; upregulates VEGF, collagen, and fibronectin.

GHK vs. GHK-Cu

GHK-Cu (with copper) has the stronger clinical evidence and more studies. Free GHK has its own biological activity independent of copper coordination — relevant for formulations where copper stability is an issue.

Regulatory Status

503A Listed

Safety Profile

Side Effects

  • •Minimal

Primary Uses

Wound healingAnti-inflammatorySkin careGene modulation

Related Peptides

ghk-cuahk-cutb-500

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Disclaimer: This information is for educational and research purposes only. Not medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare provider before using any compound.