Immune Modulation & Infection
Immune-modulating peptides range from the well-validated (Thymosin Alpha-1 approved in 35 countries) to the preliminary (Thymalin, Vilon). Antimicrobial peptides (LL-37, Defensins) represent a critical emerging area given antibiotic resistance. Evidence quality varies dramatically.
Relevant Peptides
Approved in 35+ countries; sepsis mortality reduction; hepatitis B.
Phase I/II for wounds; broad-spectrum including biofilms.
Russian research only; thymic extract.
Russian dipeptide; T-cell restoration claims.
Fundamental innate immunity; antimicrobial drug development target.
LL-37 is the human exemplar; innate immunity.
The Benchmark: Thymosin Alpha-1
For anyone evaluating immune peptides, Thymosin Alpha-1 is the standard of comparison. It has:
- Multiple Phase III RCTs
- Approval in 35+ countries
- Sepsis mortality data
- COVID-19 RCT data
Any other immune peptide should be evaluated relative to this evidence standard.
Antimicrobial Resistance: The Opportunity
With conventional antibiotic resistance escalating, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) like LL-37 and defensins are receiving intense drug development attention. Their membrane-disruption mechanism makes resistance substantially harder to develop. Multiple Phase I/II trials are underway.
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