The evidence on peptides — delivered weekly. Subscribe free →

Ziconotide

moderate risk

Also: Prialt · SNX-111 · Conotoxin MVIIA

Strong Evidence FDA Approved

Ziconotide (Prialt) is an FDA-approved omega-conotoxin peptide derived from cone snail venom for severe chronic pain requiring intrathecal delivery. It is the only approved non-opioid intrathecal analgesic. Blocks N-type voltage-gated calcium channels in the spinal cord dorsal horn.

Molecular Weight
2639.1 Da
Formula
C102H172N36O32S7
Common Dosing
Intrathecal infusion: 0.1–0.8 mcg/hr via implanted pump (titrated slowly)
Category
therapeutic
Last Reviewed
2025-01-15

Reported Benefits

Severe chronic pain

Strong Evidence 67 studies

FDA-approved; Phase III trials demonstrate significant pain reduction vs. placebo in refractory pain states.

Mechanism of Action

Selective blocker of N-type (Cav2.2) voltage-gated calcium channels; inhibits nociceptive neurotransmitter release in spinal cord dorsal horn without opioid receptor involvement.

Key Clinical Studies

Staats et al. (2004)

Phase III RCT · n=220

PubMed →

Significant pain reduction vs. placebo in refractory pain; FDA approved 2004

Conotoxin: Cone Snail Venom Origin

Ziconotide is derived from Conus magus, a predatory marine cone snail. Cone snail venoms are a rich source of novel channel-blocking peptides. Ziconotide’s approval validates the cone snail venom class as a drug source.

Narrow Therapeutic Index

The dose-response curve is steep and side effects at higher doses are significant (psychiatric effects, cognitive impairment). Slow titration is mandatory. This limits its clinical use to experienced pain management specialists.

Regulatory Status

FDA Approved

FDA approved as Prialt (intrathecal use only)

Safety Profile

Side Effects

  • Dizziness
  • Nausea
  • Confusion
  • Psychiatric effects
  • Meningitis (catheter-related)
  • Narrow therapeutic index

Contraindications

  • Infection at pump site
  • Psychosis/depression history
  • Intrathecal opioids (safety uncertain)

Drug Interactions

  • Opioids (caution)
  • Antiepileptics

Primary Uses

Severe chronic painIntrathecal analgesiaRefractory pain

Related Peptides

Weekly Briefing

Regulatory updates + new study breakdowns.

For Practitioners

Do you prescribe Ziconotide?

Get in front of patients who've already researched this protocol and are ready to consult. Featured listings from $199/mo.

Get Listed →
Disclaimer: This information is for educational and research purposes only. Not medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare provider before using any compound.