Thymosin Alpha-1
low riskAlso: Tα1 · Thymalfasin · Zadaxin
Thymosin Alpha-1 is one of the most clinically validated immune peptides. Approved as Zadaxin in 35+ countries for hepatitis B/C and cancer immunotherapy. Meta-analysis of 7 RCTs shows significant mortality reduction in sepsis. Gold standard immune peptide.
Reported Benefits
Hepatitis B treatment
Approved in 35 countries. Multiple RCTs: HBV DNA suppression and seroconversion.
Sepsis mortality reduction
Meta-analysis (7 RCTs): significant 30-day mortality reduction, especially in immunosuppressed phenotype.
COVID-19 severity reduction
Chinese RCT (2021): reduced progression to severe disease and mortality.
Mechanism of Action
Activates dendritic cells, T-helper cells, NK cells; upregulates MHC I/II; increases IL-2 and IFN-γ; modulates Toll-like receptors; thymic T-cell maturation.
Key Clinical Studies
The Immunology Gold Standard
Among all immune-modulating peptides in this database, Thymosin Alpha-1 has the most extensive and credible human evidence. This is the benchmark against which other “immune peptides” should be measured.
Immunosenescence
Growing application in elderly patients with age-related immune decline. Studies suggest partial restoration of thymic output and T-cell diversity — relevant to infection susceptibility and vaccine response in older adults.
Regulatory Status
FDA ApprovedApproved in 35+ countries (Zadaxin). 503A listed for US compounding.
Safety Profile
Side Effects
- •Injection site reactions
- •Mild fatigue
- •Transient flu-like symptoms
Contraindications
- •Active autoimmune disease
- •Organ transplant on immunosuppression
Drug Interactions
- •Immunosuppressants (opposing effects)
Primary Uses
Weekly Briefing
Regulatory updates + new study breakdowns.
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