GLP-1 (Native)
low riskAlso: Glucagon-like peptide-1 · GLP-1 7-36 amide · GLP-1 7-37
Reference entry for native GLP-1 — the endogenous incretin hormone from which the entire GLP-1 drug class derives. Native GLP-1 has ~2 minute half-life (cleaved by DPP-4), making it therapeutically impractical. All pharmaceutical analogs are engineered to resist DPP-4 degradation.
Reported Benefits
Incretin effect
Mediates 50–70% of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Well-established endocrine physiology.
Mechanism of Action
Secreted by L-cells in the intestine post-nutrient ingestion; binds GLP-1R on beta cells (insulin secretion), pancreatic alpha cells (glucagon suppression), hypothalamus (satiety), vagal afferents (gastric emptying).
Why Native GLP-1 Can’t Be Used Directly
DPP-4 cleaves native GLP-1 within ~2 minutes. IV infusion would require continuous drip to maintain therapeutic levels. All pharmaceutical GLP-1 agonists are engineered to resist DPP-4 via fatty acid chains, amino acid substitutions, or albumin binding.
A $50B Drug Class
GLP-1 receptor agonists are projected to be the highest-revenue pharmaceutical class in history by 2030. Understanding the native hormone is foundational to this entire space.
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Regulatory Status
Research OnlySafety Profile
Side Effects
- •Not applicable
Drug Interactions
- •DPP-4 inhibitors increase native GLP-1 levels
Primary Uses
Related Peptides
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